12月 2021 ~ 中国CNC加工ブログ

2021年12月31日金曜日

Discussion on Asymmetry of Filter Paper in Automobile

12月 31, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

In typical automotive filtration applications, laminar flow occurs, so you can consider the application of log-normal pore distribution technology. A more important structure is that loose paper not only has a larger number of pores than compact paper, but also finer. The hole size has a wide range, so it is impossible to use conventional papermaking methods to produce a paper sheet with a large number of uniform pores.

In the case of organic liquid with a certain pressure head as the background, let air pass through the paper in a boosted state, and then analyze the air flow to obtain the distribution of pores. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to establish a correlation between the measured pore distribution and the filter paper's particle removal efficiency. The main reason lies in the complexity of the mechanism by which particles are removed when the liquid flows through the filter medium. A simple filtration process, in fact, it is very dangerous to infer anything about filtration performance based on the pore size value.

Therefore, the current design of automotive filter paper is mainly based on accumulated experience and knowledge plus new ideas provided by paper structure analysis, rather than based on the unquestionable reality of filtering behavior.

The filter paper has a positive asymmetry that is easy to see. The upper surface is looser and the permeability is high, and the lower surface gradually becomes tighter and the permeability is low. The filter performance of the filter paper is obviously determined by which surface of the filter paper is used as the upstream side during filtration. Therefore, the filter paper manufacturer should mark the lower surface of the filter paper (usually a color line) to make it easy for the filter manufacturer to recognize and use the upper surface as the upper side.

For automotive parts and parts machining, PTJ Shop offers the highest degree of OEM service with a basis of 10+ years experience serving the automotive industry. Our automotive precision shop and experts deliver confidence. We have perfected the art of producing large component volumes with complete JIT reliability, backed by the quality and long-term reliability our customers expect.

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304 Stainless Steel Pipe Welding

12月 31, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

1, process
Construction preparation → Material input, inspection → Cutting → Drainage line, hanger manufacturing / construction → Welding → Welding polishing → Pickling → Welding inspection → Pipeline pressure test, flushing
As shown in Figure 2.
2.1 Construction preparation
(1) Develop a construction plan and construction schedule, and establish high-quality work standards.
(2) Workers are mainly pipeline engineering, argon arc welders, and other works, and argon arc welders require certificates from related departments.
(3) Construction materials are prepared according to the material plan, delivered to the site, and guaranteed to be supplied as planned.
(4) Field workers prepare technical tests, field technicians, and safety tests.

2.2 Preparation of welding material
(1) Piping and fitting selection is based on environmental factors, chemical composition and working pressure, and the appropriate product grade is selected to ensure the metal structure and mechanical properties of the weld.
(2) Argon gas should meet the requirements of the national standard “Argon” GB4842. Use argon gas with a purity of 99.96%. Too much impurities can compromise the protection of argon and directly affect weld quality.
(3) Use tantalum tungsten electrode material.
The shape and diameter of the tantalum tungsten tip have a great influence on the stability of the welding process and the formation of the weld. The conical flat end works best (see Figure 1.1). Tungsten electrodes are selected according to the thickness of the welded pipe and the welding current.
(4) The welding gun uses a PW-150 type air gun, and the nozzle opening size directly affects the protective effect, but the nozzle opening is generally Φ10 mm.
3, welding method and technical parameters

The socket type argon arc welding method integrates the pipes and is a “jointless connection” connection.
3.1 Specific construction steps
3.1.1 Once a stainless steel pipe enters the field, it must not come into direct contact with other materials such as cement slurry, cement, mortar, concrete and welded steel pipe. Cutting, cutting pipe and cross-section according to site and drawing: Make sure there is no damage or deformation before cutting the pipe. The pipe shaft is cut vertically using a pipe cutter (a special cutting device for stainless steel). If the slit is tilted, the insertion amount will be inaccurate. After removing, remove the burr end, debris, and foreign matter from the tube end.
3.1.2 Stainless steel pipe has good cut, insert pipe socket, give opinion 1.2, socket socket size is shown in Table 1.2

3.1.3 When welding, the socket and pipe should be on the same axis and should be horizontal and not angled. Brush the chalk powder with a width of 40 to 50 mm on the outside of the end of the socket, and start welding after drying. For the first spot weld, 3-5 points are suitable.
3.1.4 Welding work is centered on the waist, the upper body is powered and the upper body rotates from right to left. This weld makes the weld pool easier to observe and better protects the weld pool. After the normal combustion of the arc forms a melting pool, the arc moves horizontally forward. The socket end of the ring is used to control the size of the bath and the temperature of the bath. The length of the tungsten electrode is 4 to 8 mm, the distance between the tungsten electrode and the workpiece is 1 to 1.5 mm, and the distance from the nozzle to the seam is 5 to 10 mm. If welding is stopped or completed during welding, the arc extinguishing method is used as the arc extinguishing method. That is, when the arc is discharged, the torch gently moves to the outside of the groove, the arc disappears, the torch closes immediately to the arc stop position, and air is supplied for 3 to 5 seconds. The weld pool is cooled under delayed gas protection to prevent shrinkage and cracking. After welding, it is cooled in the natural environment.

3.1.5 When welding, observe the color of the weld. If the weld colors are gray and black, it means that the argon protection is inadequate. The argon flow rate should be adjusted until the weld color is golden yellow, blue or red.
3.1.6 Current is adjusted to the right during the welding process. The specific technical parameters are shown in Table 1.1. Not only is the welding current too high, it is easy to bake, but it is also prone to welding, tungsten and burning. If the welding current is too small, the arc will become unstable and defects such as incomplete penetration, slag and pores will be likely to occur. The welding speed is selected according to the welding current (see Table 1.1). If the speed is too high, the gas protection effect will be impaired, and the weld metal and tungsten are also susceptible to oxidation defects. If it is too late, welding will be easier.
3.1.7 During the welding process, the principle of small current and robustness should be followed. The corresponding current requirements apply to pipes of different wall thicknesses. Relying on airflow protection, rapid temperature rises and temperatures are designed to avoid post-chemical temperatures of 600 ° C to 800 ° C to avoid intergranular corrosion.
3.1.8 In the absence of short circuit, short arc welding, gas protection effect, heat concentration, arc stability, uniform penetration, deformation;
If the arc voltage is too high, the gas protection effect becomes insufficient, which may cause oxidation of the weld metal and cause problems such as incomplete penetration.
3.1.9 The wind speed during welding must not exceed 2 m / s. Beyond that, the windshield will occupy the building area.
3.1.10 When welding in a damp place, the relative humidity within 1 m of the welding arc should not exceed 90%. If it is greater than 90%, welding should be stopped.

4, welding polishing, passivation, cleaning
4.1 After welding, use a grinding machine to wear the pipe and weld the excess weld.
4.2 After soldering is complete and cooled to natural temperature, passivation paste is used for passivation at the soldering position. Stainless steel pickling passivation paste is a chemical reagent that removes yellow, blue and black solder joints and scales from soldering and stainless steel after high temperature treatment. Suitable for ferrite, austenite and other stainless steels. The stainless steel is completely pickled, passivated to improve corrosion resistance and the stainless steel surface is new and bright.
Pickling paste Paste features: 1. The reaction rate is fast, it is completely removed, the viscosity is medium, it is easy to observe, and there is no corrosion on the substrate.
2. CL, P, etc. for destroying the surface of stainless steel are not included.
(1) Use the completed stainless steel passivation paste for construction and stir the passivation paste sufficiently.
(2) Apply the passivation paste evenly to the surface of the pipe weld. The thickness of the paste layer is about 2 to 3 mm. Typical time is 5 to 15 minutes. If the scale is thick or the temperature is below 0 ° C, the reaction time should be extended.
(3) After pickling, wash with water (if the scale remains after washing with water, remove the scale with a stainless wire brush or a hard plastic nylon brush), and test with Lithomas paper. If there is no response, wipe off any water stains for passivation.

Welding inspection
1. The welder must self-diagnose the surface quality of all welds 100%.
2. No defects such as cracks, pores, unmelted or oversized undercuts are found on the welded surface.
3. The external dimensions of the weld must meet the design requirements and the edges of the weld must be rounded on the substrate.
4. The weld must not be significantly oxidized or burned (meaning that the front or back of the weld is black, slag, etc.).
5. To judge the welding effect, silver and gold are best shown in Figure 1.4, blue is good, red is good, gray is not good, black is the worst.

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Brief Analysis of Motor Drive Disk

12月 31, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

The material selection and machining accuracy of the worm gear are also very important. Use 10P polyoxymethylene (POM), or use glass fiber reinforced nylon or reinforced polycarbonate (PC). However, pOM has good comprehensive performance, high bowing, rigidity, impact, fatigue, and creep resistance. In particular, it has outstanding fatigue resistance and is easy to form. It is the best among thermoplastic engineering plastics. It has a small and stable friction coefficient, low water absorption, good dimensional stability, and low price, so it is our best choice.

In order to buffer the impact force generated by starting in the forward and reverse directions and ensure the life of the transmission parts, the transmission disc needs to be equipped with a rubber transmission disc with good oil resistance, wear resistance, high bow change and good elasticity under high temperature and low thirst. The structure size is matched with the worm gear. , Embedded in the worm gear. The material is nitrile butadiene rubber with excellent oil resistance, and its heat resistance is also better than natural rubber and nitrile rubber. Matched with the rubber drive disc and embedded in the worm wheel is a metal drive disc with 3 uniformly distributed on the disc.

Motor drive disc Five-window motor noise cut-off system When electromagnetic design, we first consider the suppression or reduction of motor noise. In terms of equipment, the armature bearing position and the matching of the bearing chamber are also required. Choose low-noise copper-based (or iron-based) oil-impregnated bearings, and choose copper: ink brushes. The matching gap between the carbon brush and the brush holder should be no more than 0.1lnrn on one side. During the trial operation, the contact surface of the carbon brush should be >70%. The surface of the commutator on the armature should be controlled within 0.01m. In addition, the manufacturing precision and matching clearance of the worm and worm gear, and the axial clearance of the motor should be strictly controlled.

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The function of automobile spark plug and its purchase

12月 31, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

I always hear maintenance people talking about spark plugs. What is the role of spark plugs? How long does it take to replace? How to choose a spark plug? What are the symptoms of a broken spark plug? This is a series of questions that some novice car owners* love to ask.

There are spark plugs on gasoline engines, one for each cylinder, and individual high-speed gasoline engines are equipped with two spark plugs per cylinder. Although the spark plug is a small part, it is extremely important. The function of the spark plug is to introduce the pulse high voltage electricity generated by the ignition coil into the combustion chamber, and use the electric spark generated by the electrode to ignite the mixture to complete the combustion.

1. How often do I need to change the spark plug?

Due to the different spark plug materials, the types of spark plugs can be divided into: ordinary copper core, yttrium gold, platinum, iridium, platinum-iridium alloy spark plugs, etc. These types of spark plugs have different service life and corresponding replacement mileage. Make a distinction when choosing.

Generally speaking, under normal use, the service life of ordinary copper core spark plugs is 30,000 kilometers, while the service life of precious metal spark plugs is 60,000 to 90,000 kilometers. The maintenance intervals specified by different car manufacturers are not exactly the same, so The specific replacement cycle should also be based on the standards set by the car manufacturer. Don’t extend it arbitrarily so that it needs to be replaced at the appropriate time.

If you find that the fuel consumption of the vehicle is increasing, you can consider whether to replace the spark plug. The general repair shop will recommend replacing it at 20,000 to 30,000 kilometers, because the spark plug is not completely damaged at this time, but the efficiency is reduced. In fact, this is determined by the quality of the spark plug. The ordinary spark plug can be replaced once for 40,000 kilometers, and the platinum and iridium can be replaced once for 60,000 to 80,000 kilometers. If you buy spark plugs on your own at Auto Parts City or e-commerce websites, it usually costs tens to 100 yuan. Then find a reliable repair shop for installation. Generally speaking, an installation fee of about 20 yuan will be charged. The installation process takes a short time, and you can generally check it yourself. This saves money and avoids the use of used spark plugs removed from other people’s cars by the black-hearted repair shop.

2. How to judge the spark plug is damaged?

1. Real vehicle inspection: * It is better to operate under the guidance of professionals. The owner’s knowledge of this kind of common sense is more for identifying the maintenance suggestions of professionals. * It is better not to do it yourself.

(1) Short circuit: Let the engine run at idle speed, use a screwdriver to short-circuit the spark plug cylinder by cylinder, and listen carefully to the changes in engine speed and noise. The changes in speed and noise are obvious, indicating that the spark plug is normal. When the speed and noise are not obvious, it indicates that the spark plug has been in an abnormal state.

(2) Sparkover: Unscrew the spark plug, place it on the cylinder block, and test the fire with a high-voltage line. If there is no spark or the spark is weak, it indicates that the spark plug is leaking or not working.

2. Observe the appearance and color: The car owner can learn this method, and the maintenance personnel can judge and inspect by themselves after disassembling the spark plug.

Remove the spark plug and observe, and judge the usage status of the spark plug according to the following appearance colors:

(1) If it is russet or rusty, it indicates that the spark plug is normal;

(2) If it is oily, it indicates that the spark plug gap is out of adjustment or the oil supply is too much, and the high-voltage line is short-circuited or disconnected;

(3) If it is smoky black, it indicates that the spark plug is wrongly selected for the hot and cold type or the mixture is thick, and the oil is running up;

(4) If there is a deposit between the tip and the electrode, when the deposit is oily, it proves that the engine oil in the cylinder has nothing to do with the spark plug; if the deposit is black, it means that the spark plug is carbonized and bypassed; if the deposit is gray, then Misfire caused by the additives in gasoline covering the electrodes;

(5) If the spark plug is severely ablated and there are scars, black lines, cracks, and electrode melting on the top, this indicates that the spark plug is damaged and must be replaced immediately.

3. How to choose spark plugs?

Spark plug, seemingly inconspicuous small parts, but its role can be said to be very large, and it is a wearing part, it needs to be replaced regularly. Due to cost control issues, automobile manufacturers may not choose spark plugs with the best performance, but they can ensure the normal operation of the vehicle. When the vehicle enters the maintenance link, it will be faced with the choice of a newer spark plug. At present, the most commonly seen spark plug brands on the market are: Bosch from Germany, Denso from Japan, NGK from Japan, AC Delco from the United States, Autolite from the United States and so on. Pay attention to check the spark plug comparison table of different brands of models when purchasing to avoid buying the wrong model.

Generally speaking, the price of spark plugs ranges from tens to 100 yuan, but it is necessary to buy genuine parts of well-known brands to avoid harmful damage to the engine. The following is a brief introduction to the spark plug brand:

1, Bosch: German imported spark plugs, mainly used in Xia, Flyer, Geely, Mazda, Vizi, Buick and other models, with strong corrosion resistance, strong ignition reliability, long life and other characteristics. NGK, spark plug imported from Japan, is mainly used in Bora, Passat, Teana, Brilliance, BYD, Beidouxing and other models. It has the characteristics of good insulation, good thermal conductivity, strong air tightness, and strong resistance to thermal shock.

2, DENSO, spark plugs imported from Japan, mainly used in Audi, Lexus, Crown, Coaster, Big Overlord, Sea Lion, Costa, Xiali, Bluebird, Excelle, Accord and other models, reliable ignition, complete specifications, and better sealing.

3, AC Deco, American imported spark plugs, mainly used in BMW, Porsche, Audi, Bentley, Regal, Chevrolet, Grace, Bluebird, Mitsubishi and other models, with strong corrosion resistance, heat resistance, strong oxidation resistance and other characteristics.

4. Autolite, the spark plug imported from the United States, is mainly used in Accord, Kopac, CRV, Odyssey, Fit, Toyota, Kia, Hyundai, Brilliance, Mitsubishi, Subaru, BYD, Great Wall and other models, with strong power, fuel consumption saving, long service life, etc. Features.

5, Eyquem, spark plugs imported from France, mainly used in Senna Senna, Picasso, Peugeot 307, Triumph, Chevrolet and other models, with reliable ignition, corrosion resistance, and good cost performance.

Of course, there are many high-performance spark plugs for retrofitting and upgrading vehicles on the market, and there are also some affordable domestic spark plug brands. Which one to choose depends on your own vehicle conditions.

Different models of spark plugs have different models, requirements, prices, and replacement cycles. Take our common models as an example: a brand new Santana spark plug is 56 yuan, Bosch brand, 4 spark plugs every 30,000 kilometers, a total of 224 yuan; Passat It is 126 yuan each, NGK brand, each time you need 4 replacements, the manufacturer recommends replacing it every 20,000 kilometers, totaling 504 yuan; Golf 6 is 70 yuan each, NGK brand, the manufacturer recommends replacing four every 30,000 kilometers, totaling 280 The number of spark plugs for the BMW 5 Series is about 254, and the Bosch brand is replaced by 4 for every 50,000 kilometers, and the total is 1019 yuan. The above example is to select models with different displacements and levels that everyone is more familiar with. The brands and prices involved here are all specified by the manufacturer. Car owners can also purchase by model according to their own needs in future maintenance.

Summary: In the process of daily use of the car, the spark plug should be maintained and replaced. Specifically, the “five taboos” should be implemented. Descaling freely and avoiding fire. This can extend the life of the spark plug and ensure the economical and safe operation of the engine.

The automotive parts and parts machining, PTJ Shop offers the highest degree of OEM service with a basis of 10+ years experience serving the automotive industry. Our automotive precision shop and experts deliver confidence. We have perfected the art of producing large component volumes with complete JIT reliability, backed by the quality and long-term reliability our customers expect.

Link to this article：The function of automobile spark plug and its purchase

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Five characteristics of titanium metal watch shell

12月 31, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Import: After the development of Swiss watchmaking technology encountered a bottleneck, watch brands have begun to attach great importance to watch materials. After stainless steel and precious metal materials, there are new materials such as ceramics, sapphire glass and titanium. Watch merchants appreciate the excellent performance of these materials and use these materials as covers. For example, ceramics are very wear resistant and titanium is very light.

Titanium bracelet

Table of Contents

Titanium is used as a metallic material, and its appearance has improved the shortcomings of previous watch materials. Watchmakers see the excellent performance of this material, and designers love the avant-garde texture. With constant technological advances, titanium watches have become a new favorite in the watch industry. At first glance, titanium itself resembles stainless steel. It has a silver-gray luster, retains its own color at room temperature, does not change color, and has high acid resistance and hardness. It was widely used in aviation and marine diving before it became a watch material. Titanium alloys are lighter and more resistant to corrosion than steel. The main advantages of titanium alloys over steel are low density and corrosion resistance.

Titanium alloy case

Prior to the mid-1970s, the aerospace industry produced more than 85% titanium.

Unique properties of titanium:

It is half as dense as steel, has excellent strength retention (up to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit), and has much higher environmental corrosion resistance than other metals. This makes it an ideal material for jet engines, rockets, spacecraft engines and aircraft frames.

Lightweight watch

In recent years, the trend for large-diameter meters using stainless steel and precious metal materials can be imagined as the weight of the case plus the weight of the movement, which is unacceptable to the average person. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the weight of the watch. That’s why lightweight titanium is popular with fans. Titanium weighs 47.90 atoms and is about 50% lighter than steel. Therefore, a titanium watch is only half the weight of the same watch. This is a good choice for large watch lovers.

Pressure resistance does not deform

Titanium is 30% harder than steel and has a very hard texture. In addition, titanium has excellent pressure resistance, so it has been well received as a material for professional diving watches, and it will not be deformed even if it infiltrates the deep sea.

Super corrosion resistance

Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance and forms a hard and tough film on the surface when exposed to the atmosphere. Many professional diving watches have been turned to titanium because they are resistant to metals, especially many that attack seawater!

Lightweight, durable and highly corrosion resistant, these advantages make titanium sit firmly on the precious metal throne. However, due to the complexity of extraction and the high technical difficulty, promotion is relatively difficult and the price of titanium watches will be higher than the price of stainless steel.

Titanium is a very good timetable material.

1. The titanium system is very suitable because it is light enough to be ridiculous.
2. Titanium is hypoallergenic. It is nickel-free and can be worn comfortably even when the skin is sweating.
3. Titanium is harder than steel, so the titanium clock is more durable.
4. Titanium for diving time is especially suitable for corrosion resistance.

Can this titanium alloy be used as a mechanical surface material?

Unfortunately, it’s impossible. The main advantages of titanium alloys and steels are low density and corrosion resistance, but their absolute hardness and strength are not as good as steels. It is also very poorly workable and is not suitable for the interior of watches, but has the advantages of low brightness, scratchability and protection by a coating (electroplating) layer. Many of the holes in the deck are small and require more tools for irregular cutting. The taller the splint, the more difficult it is to handle, the hardness of the watch does not increase towards the splint, and wear-resistant gem bearings are used. Of course, some gadgets are made of high-strength materials, but gadgets are easy to follow. Therefore, it is more suitable to use a copper alloy as the splint material. Electroplating, lubricants, ruby bearings, and steel parts provide rust and abrasion resistance in a relatively low cost way, but copper is cheap, easy to cut, and can be solved.

Titanium is not a rare metal and is ranked 9th in crustal reserves. The supply of titanium ore can be maintained for at least 10,000 years. It is found on planets such as meteorites, lunar rocks, and the sun. However, the titanium extraction process is relatively slow and expensive, which makes it expensive. For many years, high prices have limited the use of titanium in military and aerospace applications.

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2021年12月30日木曜日

Metal machining benefits from micro-lubrication technology

12月 30, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

MQL is a green manufacturing technology. During the cutting process, high-speed mist particles are sprayed to the cutting point, which increases the permeability of the lubricant, improves the lubrication effect, and improves the surface quality; the amount of lubricating oil is between 5-50ml/h (The number of nozzles set according to the needs is the main factor that determines the consumption), which is one ten thousandth of the cutting fluid. The advantages are: reduced lubricant costs, workpiece drying without cleaning processes, no waste liquid treatment, improved processing environment, etc.

…
At present, MQL micro-lubrication technology has been used in domestic auto parts manufacturing equipment, such as crankshaft oil hole special machine, balancing machine, main journal cylindrical car, connecting rod and gear machine tool. While the micro-lubrication technology is generally recognized by machine tool manufacturers and end users, it is also facing the problem of how to make the micro-lubrication technology fully play its role and improve processing efficiency. It is necessary to discuss the machine tool design, processing technology, lubrication mechanism, etc.

In the case of the same cutting conditions, the idea of using micro-lubrication technology to reduce processing costs is to optimize the processing route:

(1)
Processing procedures and processing parameters: cutting tool path, feed, depth of cut, cutting speed.

(2) Cutting tools: geometry, materials, coating technology.

(3)
Clamping system: clamping method and efficiency, clamping position, clamping accuracy, clamping force.

(4) The processed material: the status of the blank and the characteristics of the material.

(5)
Machine tool: machine speed.

Processing any workpiece requires a comprehensive consideration of how to reduce processing costs. Therefore, according to the method of optimizing the route of the processing technology, start with the easy implementation, according to the order of processing procedures and processing parameters, cutting tools, clamping systems, processed materials, and machine tools Adjust and optimize.

Economic benefits:

1.
Reduce processing costs: MQL lubrication technology is a lubricating oil consumption type lubrication technology, so there is no waste liquid treatment cost, including cutting fluid procurement, storage, transportation and disposal related costs.

2.
Fully save the power consumption of the cooling pump when the cutting fluid is cooled.

3. After the process optimization is completed, the tool life can be expected to be extended

4.
Subsequent cleaning/cleaning of the workpiece can be eliminated, resulting in savings

5. Dried iron filings can be recycled as recyclables

6.
The consumption is about 1/30 of that of wet cutting, and the cost is about 54 of that of wet cutting

7.
Reduced energy consumption, with an average energy saving of 2.2kw/machine tool (compared with traditional cutting fluid processing)

Environmental benefits:

(1) Environmental protection: The processing environment has been greatly improved. The inhalable particles in the workshop meet the standards, and the operators have no occupational disease risk. Plant-based synthetic lubricants are used, no cutting waste oil and waste liquid are generated, and the environment will not be polluted.

(2) Clean operating environment: Because MQL lubrication technology uses very little oil, it is a full-consumption lubrication, and it is very easy to clean the machine tool and factory environment.

(3) Exempt cutting fluid (oil) discharge

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Classification, main functions and performance of lubricating oil for heavy-duty vehicles

12月 30, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Classification, main functions and performance of lubricating oil for heavy-duty vehicles At present, lubricating oils for heavy-duty vehicles can be divided into diesel engine lubricating oil according to their purpose (heavy vehicles are mostly diesel engine vehicles, and only diesel engine lubricating oil is introduced here), gear oil and grease Three categories. The main function and performance of diesel engine lubricating oil. The main function of diesel engine lubricating oil, anti-friction effect Diesel engine lubricating oil must be able to reduce the friction of all parts of the engine, prevent excessive wear between the contact points of metal parts, and ensure the normal operation of the engine. Purifying and dispersing effect. Due to the high sulfur content and soot content of diesel fuel during combustion, there are more insoluble components in the engine oil. When the deposits formed by these substances block the engine piston ring, it will affect the normal operation of the engine, so the diesel engine The lubricating oil must have a good dispersing and cleaning effect to prevent the insoluble matter in the oil from forming attached sludge. Sealing function Diesel engine lubricating oil must have a sealing effect on the engine to prevent the leakage of exhaust gas generated by the fuel in the engine’s combustion chamber and affect the normal operation of the engine.

Cooling The engine will generate a lot of heat during the working process, and the generated heat must be taken away in time to prevent the engine from overheating and affecting the normal operation, so the engine lubricating oil must have a cooling effect on the engine. Corrosion will occur to the parts of the engine, which requires that the engine lubricating oil must have an excellent anti-corrosion effect to prevent combustion products such as acid and water from corroding all parts of the engine. In addition to the above main functions, diesel engine lubricating oil also has the functions of auxiliary power transmission and vibration reduction. The main performance of diesel engine lubricating oil Diesel engine lubricating oil must prevent the corrosion and wear of engine parts, maintain the quality of each part, and ensure the smooth operation of the engine. At the same time, it must also meet the requirements of economical application. Therefore, diesel engine lubricating oil must have performance. Having a higher viscosity index Viscosity index is an expression method of the relationship between the viscosity of lubricating oil and temperature. The greater the viscosity index, the less the viscosity of lubricating oil is affected by temperature.

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What are the matters needing attention in five-axis processing of communication equipment

12月 30, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Anyone who knows CNC equipment knows that the processing configurations used by CNC equipment for processing different types of products are different, that is to say, if you want to process more precise parts, you need to use communication equipment five-axis processing, but if the control is not good, it will affect the quality of the parts. In order to avoid this situation, it is necessary to pay attention to the following points when using five-axis machining.

1. Pay attention to strictly abide by personnel operating regulations

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Equipment such as five-axis processing is relatively dangerous during operation. Careless operation of personnel can lead to injuries. As long as the operation specifications are followed to avoid personal injury, such as wearing protective equipment as required, do not wear scarves , Gloves and leaders, women should also pull up their hair and wear hats, etc. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to strictly abide by the personnel operating regulations.

2. Pay attention to the trial run before processing

It is only the beginning to make the adjustment of tool compensation, machine zero point and workpiece zero point before starting up, and check the equipment protection, insurance, signal and position part, but more importantly, start the trial operation of the machine. Many people may think that it can be turned on directly after the inspection is completed. In fact, it is impossible to check the operating conditions of the lubrication, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, digital display and other systems without trial operation. Therefore, the trial operation before processing is very important.

3. Pay attention to the parts inspection before starting up

The five-axis processing of reputable communication equipment needs to pay attention to the corresponding preparations before the equipment is turned on. For example, the inspection of important parts and items needs to be paid attention to, because many parts, switches, insurance and protection in the equipment are all It may be a hidden danger point for the equipment after operation. If we cannot do an inspection at the beginning, the bad consequences after opening it are unimaginable, so it is very important to do a good job of inspection before starting the machine.

In most cases, general Cnc Machine tools can process many common parts, but high-quality parts require five-axis machining such as CNC equipment. Therefore, if you want to make better parts, you must not only know where the five-axis machining of communication equipment is. It is sold, and you need to know what to focus on when using this five-axis machining.

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2021年12月29日水曜日

Causes of Chaos in Taiyuan Auto Parts Market

12月 29, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

The current car ownership in Shanxi Province has reached 760,000, Taiyuan has 160,000, Taiyuan has 1,853 spare parts stores, and more than 90 repair shops have customer recognition and brand trust. The result is extremely low. Stable market share and weak market development capabilities force merchants to only make profit to ensure the market.

A single auto parts company cannot conduct scientific research on service standards. It is precisely because of the huge market capacity that cannot be scientifically and rationally deployed, the macro-scale advantage cannot be fully utilized, which eventually causes huge operating risks and economic losses. It can be seen that it is very necessary to introduce a kind that can make full use of the advantages of the same industry’s scale, and can ensure the intensive use of resources in management, and conduct a comprehensive clean-up of the local market. It is very necessary to rectify. In the past few years, the industry management in Taiyuan has regulated the auto parts market and developed the motorcycle parts market. However, from the perspective of the sellers, the general downturn in the auto parts market has caused fierce price wars and the high operating costs have made it unprofitable. They urgently need a new business model and lower-cost business premises.

And Blue Ocean Auto Parts World is just such an adaptive market. They understand that if they want to develop, they must unite, so that the tenants can get the fastest and the latest information transmission. Under the coordination and guidance of the administrative office, the Blue Ocean Auto Parts City is directly linked to the national auto parts manufacturers, and actively plays a role to seek greater development. . Industry management has a long way to go. As a form of “big market”, the auto parts block has emerged and has the conditions for large-scale operation. However, a considerable number of auto parts city operators do not have this kind of management quality, and think that adding the so-called “one-stop” service is quite good, and for the merchants, they simply move from here to there and change their business premises.

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The use of trace oil and gas lubrication can increase the service life of the saw blade

12月 29, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Compared with the traditional cutting fluid lubrication method, the sawing oil-air lubrication device has great advantages:

● The sawing machine no longer needs to add filtering facilities, which saves the initial investment.

●
There is no need to process the materials after oil-air lubrication, and you can directly enter the following types of work.

● The oil consumption of oil-air lubrication is very low, and the cost of lubricating oil is greatly reduced.

●
It will make the processing process clean and environmentally friendly, which is more conducive to the maintenance of the machine tool.

●
The surface of the workpiece is dry and can prevent rust without subsequent cleaning.

To increase the life of the saw blade, it is necessary to choose a more suitable lubrication method. The oil-air lubrication device has an undoubted effect in improving the lubrication effect and life of the saw blade. According to statistics, the oil-air lubrication greatly reduces the frequency of saw blade replacement in the use of sawing. The use of sawing oil-air lubrication saves maintenance costs, and the benefits it brings are far superior to the use of emulsion lubrication and cooling. Therefore, the use of sawing oil-air lubrication is undoubtedly an economical and reliable lubrication solution.

The sawing oil-air lubrication device is a consumable oil-air lubrication. In the lubrication method, the oil-air injection method is used to automatically apply a small amount of fine oil mixed with oil and gas to the saw blade. Because the amount of lubricant is small and it is directly sprayed on the edge of the saw blade, It can well lubricate the saw blade and is an economical and reliable lubrication method. The supply of lubricating oil is also usually intermittently supplied by the saw blade during the cutting process. There are two ways to adjust the amount of oil. One is to adjust the oil supply frequency and the pneumatic pulse generator to adjust the time interval. The second is to adjust the amount of oil supplied by a miniature lubrication pump.

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PC Product Sheet Metal Processing Mechanism Design Some Important Parameters

12月 29, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

PCs need the right amount of cooling holes during operation, and for safety the holes need not be too large, which poses an unnecessary danger. For UL and CSA, the inner diameter of the round hole must not exceed 2 mm. For SLOT, the width should be 1.5 mm or less and the length should be 20 mm or less.
Due to EMI issues, the top and bottom covers are difficult to join when in close contact. In the absence of interference, EMI cannot pass through, so debris can be added intermittently to create ground between the top and bottom covers.

Pc sheet metal processing hole

Table of Contents

Draft angle

(1) The larger the range, the better, as long as the appearance and shape of the case are not harmed.
(2) A draft angle of about 1/10 to 1/30 (1 to 2 °) is appropriate.
(3) The minimum practical value is 1/120 (about 0.5 °).
(4) The surface is treated with biting flowers, and the peeling gradient is determined by the thickness of the biting flowers. Generally, when the bite depth is 0.001 inch (0.025 mm), the draft is at least 1 °.

1.Thickness

The principle of uniform thickness is everywhere. Considering the structural strength and the ability to evenly distribute the impact force, it is also necessary to try to avoid the thin thickness of the sharp edges to prevent inadequate filling.
In actual product design, thickness variation and shape are often required. Since the thickness variation of the step shape is likely to cause deformation on the design surface, it can be improved by adding an R angle or a bevel angle. If there is inconsistent thickness, gradually reduce the thickness as shown in the table below.

2. Internal and external angles

A minimum R of 0.5 mm and an optimal rounding design of R / T = 0.6 is recommended. After that, even if R is increased, the stress concentration phenomenon can be alleviated in a small part. Internal angle R = 0.5T, outer angle R = 1.5T

3. Rib

The strength of the part can be increased without increasing the thickness by using ribs or flanges. These designs not only increase strength, but also prevent distortion during cooling. To avoid shrinkage, the rib height is 0.5T, the bottom fillet is R = 0.125T, the draft is 0.5 ° to 1.5 °, and the rib direction is the same as GATE. Is preferable. The distance between the ribs is twice the wall thickness.

4. Bushing

Bushing is for reinforcing holes, embedding in combination, and supporting other things. The height of the bush is limited to no more than twice the diameter. It is too high due to the concentration of air and is prone to pores and inadequate filling. If high bushings are required, reinforcing ribs should be placed on the sides to allow the material to flow easily. The material around the sleeve can be stolen to avoid shrinkage of the root surface, but it cannot be cut too deeply. Otherwise, it will leave marks on the surface.

5. Fusion line

Prevents it from appearing on the exterior surface. You can use the gate size, shape, number, or material near the gate to determine the position of the fusion line. Its strength is weak and the finished product should be avoided where it will be loaded, as it is where the material will eventually meet.

If you want to add holes or openings for LEDs or other complexes, the openings should be chamfered or rounded for ease of assembly.
If you have a front shell and rear shell, or a combination of top and bottom covers, align the rear shell (bottom cover) with the front shell (top cover) so that no gaps are visible.
Avoid the power switch directly when designing the button. Floating or indirect drive designs should be adopted to avoid keying due to dimensional errors and deflection of the switch transmission rod.

Do not expose the indicator light to prevent damage to the ESD. It is recommended to use a light panel or lamp cover (lens) for insulation. The cross section of the lens should be smaller than the cross section of the lamp, and the surface of the lens should be sprayed to create a uniform light line.

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2021年12月28日火曜日

Quick-drying sand core sand binder for casting to improve efficiency

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Quick-drying sand core sand binder

The quick-drying adhesive is a room temperature quick-drying adhesive that is very suitable for combined installation between complex cores after molding. At room temperature, the tensile strength can reach more than 0.4 MPa in 10 minutes, the tensile strength can reach more than 0.6 MPa in 15 minutes, the tensile strength can reach more than 1 MPa in 20 minutes, and the final tensile strength can reach 4 MPa.

product name: Quick-drying adhesive

Product performance: The appearance of this product is milky white viscous paste, with the following excellent features:

1. High-quality features such as fast hardening speed, high end strength, and small air volume;

2. Overcome the shortcomings of traditional adhesives such as long drying time and high curing temperature;

3. Meet the needs of timely assembly and timely core loading after the efficiency of the hot core box and cold core box core making process has been greatly improved, which greatly shortens the time for core assembly and installation to meet production needs;

4. The time from core assembly to casting is greatly shortened, and the casting production efficiency of the enterprise is greatly improved.

product manual: R&D background of this quick-drying adhesive:

In casting production, castings with complex structures such as internal cavities and reinforcing ribs or large-sized castings often require multiple sand cores to be manufactured separately, and then assembled and assembled to form an integral core before casting; Sometimes in order to facilitate the operation of core making and lower core forming, it is also necessary to manufacture the sand cores in blocks, and then combine and install them. The combination of the above-mentioned sand cores is often bonded with adhesives. With the emergence of hot-box and cold-box core-making processes, the core-making efficiency has been greatly improved. Many core-making machines are often matched with the production capacity of molding machines. This requires timely assembly, timely core removal, and core assembly installation. time

Need to be as short as possible to meet production needs.

Product comparison: The various traditional adhesives currently in use have more or less limitations, mainly in:

Traditional adhesives need to be naturally dried for 4-8 hours before they can be used for casting, and the production efficiency is low; at the same time, the bonding temperature is high, heating is required, and energy is wasted. At the same time, the temperature rise and fall process also takes a long time, which is not conducive to production efficiency. Improve; 2. Even some quick-drying adhesives still have the following shortcomings:

(1) The hot melt adhesive melts and becomes liquid when heated, and becomes solid again when cooled; it will be heated to liquefy when used

(2) Two-component milky white glue can only be used to bond foam plastic molds and wood in solid casting, and needs to be packaged and supplied separately, and the two components are used at the same time during use

Therefore, with the improvement of casting molding and casting efficiency, there is an urgent need for a quick-drying adhesive with a shorter drying time and higher strength. Shengping series of quick-drying adhesives came into being.

Product packaging: Bottled with 0.5kg/piece, each box of 36 pieces has a net weight of 18kg;

, The

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Analysis and improvement of vehicle water radiator

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Analysis and improvement of vehicle water radiator, whether it is to reduce the number of water pipe rows in the thickness direction of the radiator core or reduce the geometric size of the water pipes, the result will cause a reduction in the heat dissipation area, which will obviously affect the heat dissipation of the entire radiator performance. In order to make up for the loss of performance due to the reduction of heat dissipation area, the most effective method is to develop high-efficiency heat sinks. The louver-shaped zigzag heat sink is a high-efficiency heat-dissipating element, which is the result of increasing the local heat release coefficient after developing a cut on the heat transfer surface in the direction of the air flow. Polhausen explained the basic way to improve the heat dissipation coefficient of the notched heat sink, and applied this theory to various notches formed at intervals. According to sand, if the fluid velocity and physical parameters are the same, the heat release coefficient is inversely proportional to the cut spacing.

Japanese car water radiator adopts high-efficiency louvered heat dissipation belt. Under the premise of increasing the heat release coefficient by %, the number of water pipes is reduced by half, the volume of the core body is reduced by 50%, and the weight of the whole machine is also reduced, which fully demonstrates the high efficiency. The role of heat dissipation components. Russia widely uses cold-rolled finned tubes as heat exchange elements, which also solves the high-performance problem of heat exchangers on vehicles and ships.

When designing a car water radiator, it is necessary to try to overcome the current mismatch between the heat dissipation capacity of the water radiator belt and the weight of the water radiator. The development of high-efficiency air-side cooling components is the core and foundation of the development of high-performance, high-compact, lightweight vehicle water radiators, and it is also an effective way to develop a new generation of water radiators for main battle tanks.

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Drive the preferential presetting of the spring frame of the vehicle

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

The secondary spring system of the original electric locomotive consists of 4 sets of the same ordinary cylindrical compression springs. Its parameters are: spring material diameter d=48mm, maximum working circle diameter D=230mm, effective working circle number n=6.6, free height H0= 528mm, working height H=431mm. The characteristic curve of the spring is approximately straight, with stable stiffness and simple structure. However, the spring stiffness is mainly along the axial direction, and its transverse shear and bending stiffness is very poor, and its anti-resonance ability is poor. After the train speeds up, its snake-like movement and shaking phenomenon intensify. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the spring system of electric locomotives.

Improvement of the spring system. The improved spring parameters and characteristics take into account the special position of the secondary spring (between the bogie and the car body) and specific functions (supporting the car body and damping), under the premise of ensuring equal free height , The cylindrical spiral compression spring is improved into a conical compression spring with equal pitch. The distance t can be calculated by the following formula: H0=6.6t+1.5dT=(528mm-1.548mm)/6.6=69.09mm*large working radius R2=115mm, *smallest working radius R1=101.8mm, and the pressing time distance d=d1 -R2-R1nd2=47.96mm The stiffness of the improved conical compression spring is increased, the characteristic curve is gradually increasing, and the anti-resonance ability is enhanced.

The effect of the bending moment at the end of the spring on any section A indicates the effect of the unit transverse force on any section A. The improved spring bending stiffness and transverse stiffness. The bending stiffness of the spring is set as the distance from any section A of the conical spring to the end of the spring, then = R1 +R2-R12ntan In the formula, is the polar angle of the helix; is the helix angle.

The effect of the spring end bending moment on any section A is as shown. The torque generated by the bending moment M of the spring force end on the section A and the bending moments in the two directions are respectively Tt=McoscosMb=-McossinMn=Msinds=R1+R2-R12ncosd where Tt is the torque on the section of the spring material; Mb, Mn is the bending moment on the section of the spring material; ds is the length of the tiny section of the spring material.

The effect of unit lateral force on any section A is shown in the figure. When Pr=1, the torque and bending moment produced by the unit force on the section A respectively, Ip is the polar moment of inertia; Ib and In are the moments of inertia; E is the elastic modulus of the material; is the Poisson’s ratio. Substitute the reference value R1=101.8mm, R2=115mm, n=6.6, d=48mm, E=2G(1+) (=0.25, G=80109Pa), Ip=2Ib=2In=d4/32 into the formula, after integration Get Fr=(544011.7/(EIn))MM=(EIn/544011.7)Fr=95798N, so the bending stiffness is 95798N.

The bending stiffness of the original cylindrical spring can be calculated according to the formula (7-42) in the literature <1>. M=Ed416D2nH(2+)Fr=42604.5N. Therefore, the bending stiffness of the original cylindrical spring is 42604.5N. This shows that the bending stiffness of the conical spring is Improved. The lateral stiffness is as shown, the torque and the bending moment of the A section caused by the lateral force Pr are respectively (because it is very small, sin=0, cos=1) Tt=PrR1+R2-R12ntancos3

From the literature <1> formula (7-51), the transverse stiffness of the original cylindrical spring is obviously, the transverse stiffness of the conical spring is higher than that of the cylindrical spring.

Conclusion At present, the spring system of most foreign locomotives is still cylindrical spring, but the railway quality is higher than that of our country. The cost of the same transformation of the railway system in our country will be very high. Therefore, in our country, the key to improving the stability and safety of vehicle operation is to improve the spring system of the locomotive. Through the theoretical derivation and quantitative calculation of the new design scheme in the article, it is proved that the transverse stiffness and bending stiffness of the improved spring system are significantly increased, thus realizing the active control of the resonance of the locomotive during high-speed operation, and greatly improving the high-speed operation of the locomotive. Safety and stability. This design has been used by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Factory in the manufacture of the new Shaoshan SS9 train.

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Benefit from many aspects of micro-lubrication technology

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Micro-lubrication technology is to mix a small amount of environmentally friendly and harmless lubricating oil mist particles into the compressed air to replace the cooling and lubrication of the cutting fluid during metal cutting:

1.
Saving cutting fluid brings huge savings, including cutting fluid procurement, storage, transportation and disposal related costs

2. After the process optimization is completed, the tool life can be expected to be extended

3.
Subsequent cleaning/cleaning of the workpiece can be eliminated, resulting in savings
4.Dried iron filings can be recycled as recyclables.
Environmental benefits brought by trace lubrication:

●
The processing environment is greatly improved, and the inhalable particles in the workshop meet the standards, and the operator has no occupational disease risk ● Exemption of cutting fluid (oil) discharge ● Energy consumption is reduced, and the average energy saving is 7kw/machine tool (compared with traditional cutting fluid processing)

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Analysis of the development status of auto parts

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Recalling that in the 1950s and 1960s, foreign automobiles such as Warsaw, Volga, Skoda, Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan, etc. were the mainstay of China’s automobile flow, and the parts industry also mainly operated some parts. In the 1970s and 1980s, Japanese cars flocked to people. Toyoda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Hino, Isuzu, Mazda and other cars continued to flow in China. The auto parts of these models also entered the currency auto parts market through different channels. . Nowadays, domestically produced Dongfeng, Jiefang, Santana, Cherokee, Peugeot, Xiajiao, Zhuli, Chang’an, and Changhe parts markets are also surrounding parts stores such as Jilin, which have become the mainstream of China's automobiles, and the development of automobile accessories and the operation of new domestic automobiles. Hao Chunsun spread all over the north and south of China.

The new car special maintenance service system integrating vehicle sales and parts supply is expanding day by day. This system is responsible for the three guarantees for the users of the car, preferential supply of accessories, preferential maintenance and repair, and preferential supply of updated vehicles. For example, the Sino-German joint venture Santana has 178 special maintenance service outlets, covering major and medium-sized cities; Cherokee, Xiali, Peugeot, Dongfeng, Jiefang and other new vehicles have their own special service networks, which are also auto parts supply networks. This system was established by foreign automakers in China as early as the 1930s and 1940s. For example, Meifeng Foreign Co., Ltd., which sells Ford cars and accessories in the United States, and foreign economically developed countries that sell Dodge cars and accessories on a commission basis, also have most of the supply of accessories. Adopt this system. This kind of system can make the whole car and repair parts have a planned and proportional production, reduce blindness, not only can improve the car after-sales service, but also can resist the flooding of the market with fake and inferior auto parts.

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Briefly introduce ways to extend the service life of tires

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

The continuous increase in the cost of using cars is forcing people to not let go of any detail that saves money. Tires are actually a cost-intensive consumable in the process of using the car. 4 tires are worth thousands of dollars. If improper use leads to abnormal wear and tear, it is also a test for the owner’s wallet. How to reduce tire wear and maximize the service life of tires is the knowledge that car owners must master. Good and skilled driving skills can effectively reduce tire wear, extend the service life of tires, and improve driving safety at the same time.

Insufficient or high tire pressure can easily lead to a puncture

“You must inflate the tires on high speeds.” Many riders think that only when you get enough gas to go on high speeds can the car have the “strength” to run at high speeds,” but in fact, this idea is wrong. Dongfeng Fengshen 4S According to the store staff, if the tire pressure is too high, the contact area between the tire and the ground will be reduced. At this time, the pressure on the tire will be relatively increased, and the grip of the tire will be affected. In addition, when the vehicle passes over a ditch or bumpy road, There is not enough space in the tires to absorb vibrations, in addition to affecting the driving stability and riding comfort, it will also cause greater impact on the suspension system, which will also bring harm. When the tire pressure is lower than the standard value, the tires Shoulder wear increases sharply; when the tire pressure is higher than the standard value, the tire contact area decreases and the unit pressure increases, which increases the wear of the middle of the tire tread, and increases the tire rigidity, which increases the dynamic load on the wheels, which is easy Carcass burst occurs. Don't start too fast. Avoid frequent use of brakes and emergency brakes to avoid acceleration of tread wear due to dragging of tires and the ground; when turning, overtaking, passing through intersections, narrow roads, railway crossings and other places , You should master the appropriate speed and pay attention to the road, pedestrians, vehicle dynamics, prepare for braking, reduce frequent braking, avoid emergency braking, thereby reducing tire wear; when facing unavoidable broken glass or other foreign objects, you must Slow down and pass, do not brake suddenly, because the pressure increases due to sudden braking, and glass fragments and foreign objects are more likely to penetrate into the tire.

Check the tread for cracks and beware of punctures when driving at high speeds

“The side of my tire is pierced by glass. Is there any problem running at high speed after repairing the tire?” A car owner asked. According to the staff of the 4S shop, if the side of the tire is injured, the insurance factor will not be guaranteed, because the side of the tire basically has no steel wire, the sidewall is very thin, and it is easy to burst at high speed. Regularly check the tire surface for cracks, deformation and other defects. Tire grooves gradually become shallower due to driving wear. If they are worn flat, they will lose water drainage and anti-skid effects. The performance of the car will be greatly reduced. The seemingly small cracks are a hidden danger of puncture during high-speed driving. Pay attention to promptly remove the small stones in the groove.

Avoid parking the vehicle on roads with thick, sharp or sharp stones.Do not park the vehicle near or in contact with petroleum products, acids and other materials that affect the deterioration of rubber.The driver should not turn the steering wheel after parking, as this operation will accelerate tire wear.The tires are prone to overheating during long-term driving or high-speed driving in summer, and the air pressure increases at the same time.At this time, you should stop to dissipate heat, and it is strictly forbidden to deflate and reduce pressure or splash water to cool down to prevent abnormal aging of the tread rubber.

It's better to keep an eye on the road than regular maintenance.

According to the auto repair staff, when driving on highway maintenance and construction sites, use the method of low speed and slow driving to choose the road surface to avoid excessive impact on the tires, or even stabs or scratches; when driving on uneven roads, you must choose the road surface. , To reduce the collision between the tire and the road, to avoid damage to the parts and tires; secondly, slow down to avoid tire bumps and strong vibration; to pass through muddy sections, choose a firmer, non-slip place to pass, so as to avoid the tires from sinking and staying in place Idling and severe heat generation caused severe cuts and scratches on the tires and sidewalls.

Vehicle turning should be based on the curve conditions and turning radius, and generally slow down appropriately, so as not to accelerate unilateral tire wear due to inertial force and centrifugal force; when vehicles go downhill, the appropriate speed should be controlled according to the size, length and road surface conditions of the vehicle. In this way, emergency braking can be avoided or used less, and tire wear can be reduced; vehicles should be used to taxi safely when they stop and stop at stations during driving.In the maintenance and use of tires, don’t forget the most important tire-the spare tire.The spare tire is equipped by the manufacturer, but it is often forgotten by the car owner and lacks maintenance.It is recommended that the owner check the spare tire regularly every 3 months and inflate it if necessary, so as not to discover that it is flat when it is needed.

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The powerful CNC Machining manufacturer behind CNC Machining customers【China Hardware】

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Keywords:Cnc Machining manufacturer,CNC Machining

ave you ever thought that when users question CNC Machining manufacturers, do you think that this material is actually very related? For CNC Machining, what you can see is basically some superficial things. Most of these things can't meet the actual needs of customers. They can only be satisfied with the roughness of the surface, and the potential technical content is not seen by many people. of.

In fact, the true strength of a CNC Machining manufacturer is not just spoken out, but is fed back through the real experience of a number of cooperative users. Perhaps one or two say it well, but it does not mean that CNC Machining manufacturer How powerful, but the number is enough to prove the overall processing strength of this CNC Machining manufacturer, you can rest assured that it will not be bad. Therefore, choosing CNC Machining parts has advantages.

For CNC Machining, because there are too many users to find a strong CNC Machining manufacturer, the cost is greatly increased, and some people have chosen the correct processing, but they have minimized their cost, which has formed a clear In contrast, powerful manufacturers can find suitable manufacturers in a short period of time, so as to reduce their own costs, so that powerful manufacturers can be highlighted, so that powerful companies can survive.

If you are interested in our products, you are welcome to send your requirements with your drawings to us via email. We are very glad to give you the most favorable quotation. If so, our email is: [email protected]，Click on the email address on the left to send us an email quickly and easily

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Analysis of sheet metal processing technology

12月 28, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Technical requirements for sheet metal drawings Sheet metal processing

Generally, the technical requirements are “S’X0 R / P% Y”

1. Unmarked tolerance requirements IT01, IT0, IT1, IT2 to IT18
2. Details of some requirements (eg sanding)
3. Do I need 0 M $ r * D6 for surface treatment? And |. ] 3 {& h + w} r
4. If there is welding, the weld bead must be processed.

Technical requirements for sheet metal

Table of Contents

Material ** (You must specify the name and specification of the material, some require the creation of a national standard code).

Material thickness and quality should comply with national standards. The material used should show a performance test report and manufacturer’s certificate.

Material appearance: Smooth, rust-free, no cracks or deformation.

Part size: According to drawings and national standards, the important size is zero defects.

Performance: Test components and performance meet product requirements.

1. Parts remove oxides.
2. The surface of the part must not be damaged by scratches, scratches or other defects.
3. Remove burrs.
4. After adjustment, 28HRC to 32HRC.
5. Parts are induction hardened at 350-370 ° C, 40HRC-45HRC.
6. The carburizing depth is 0.3mm.7. Performs high temperature aging treatment.
8. Note that tolerances should not be met according to GB1184-2000.
9. Unmarked dimensional tolerances are GB / T1804-m
10. Casting tolerance zone is symmetrical to the basic size composition of blank casting.
11. No injection radius R5.
12. Injection chamfer is not 2 x 45 °
13. Assemble the rolling bearings and heat the oil for the heat load. The oil temperature should not exceed 100 ° C.
14. After the gear assembly is complete, the tooth surface contact points and backlash must meet the requirements of GB10095 and GB11365.
15. When assembling the hydraulic system, seal packing or sealant can be used, but it must be prevented from entering the system.
18. Assembled parts and parts (including purchased parts) must be inspected by the inspection department before assembly.
19. For fasteners that require tightening torque, you must use a torque wrench to tighten to the specified tightening torque.
20. When assembling the taper pin, you need to check the color of the holes. The contact rate must not be greater than or equal to 60% of the mating length and must be evenly distributed.
21. Make sure that both sides of the flat key and the upper keyway are evenly contacted so that there are no gaps on the mating surfaces.
22. The number of tooth surfaces that the spline assembly contacts at the same time is 2/3 or more. The length and height contact length of the key teeth must be at least 50%.
23. If the flat key (or spline) is slidably mounted, the phase fitting is free to move and should not be loosened.
24. Excess adhesive should be removed after bonding.
25. Do not hook the outer ring of the bearing and the semi-circular holes in the open bearing housing and bearing cap.
35. The outer ring of the bearing should make good contact with the open bearing housing and the semi-circular hole in the bearing cap. When using color inspection, the bearing housing should be 120 ° symmetrical with respect to the centerline and the contact with the bearing cap should be 90 ° symmetrical with respect to the centerline. When using the filler gauge within the above range, the 0.03mm stopper must not be inserted in 1/3 of the outer ring width.
26. After assembling the outer ring of the bearing, it should be in uniform contact with the end face of the positioning bearing cap.
27. After installing rolling bearings, they must be manually rotated to be flexible and stable.
28. The connecting surface between the upper bearing bushing and the lower bearing bushing cannot be inspected and inserted tightly with a 0.05 mm filler gauge.
29. When fixing the bearing with the positioning pin, secure the bearing surface and the end face, and make the opening of the bearing hole flush with the end face. The hinges and drill pins should not be loose after entering the page state.
30. The bearing body of the spherical bearing and the bearing housing must be in uniform contact and must pass the color inspection. Contact information must be at least 70%.
31. If the surface of the alloy bearing lining is yellow, it cannot be used and there is no nucleation other than the contact angle at a specific contact angle. The nuclear area should not exceed 10% of the total area of the non-contact area.
32. The reference end face and shoulder of the gear (worm gear) (or end face of the positioning sleeve) must be attached. Inspect with a 0.05 mm filler gauge and do not insert. The perpendicularity of the gear reference end face to the axis must also be guaranteed.
33. The contact surface between the gearbox and the cover should be in good contact.
34. Before assembling, inspect and remove any sharp corners, burrs or debris remaining on the part. Make sure that the seal is not scratched during installation.

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2021年12月27日月曜日

Ordering must ensure the normal supply of necessary consumables for auto parts

12月 27, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

Develop a procurement system to strengthen the construction of a clean government. In terms of parts procurement, a series of rules and regulations have been formulated. When ordering, you must ensure the normal supply of consumables necessary for production; report the purchase plan for the next month at the end of the month, and sign the plan before purchasing. If you encounter missing parts, you must ask for approval before purchasing on the market; the buyer will buy it back The accessories should be checked and accepted in time, and the quality should be strictly controlled, and the unqualified products should be returned in time without prepayment.

Through these measures, the loopholes in ordering have basically been eliminated, and the phenomenon of separate division of labor and family division has been stopped. At the same time, we have also formulated corresponding measures for clean government, not allowing salesmen to ask for cards in business interactions, and must be clean and honest. Through more than two years of practice, it has been proved that these measures are practical and effective. Achieved very good results. Strictly control the quality. At present, the auto parts market is a mixed bag, the good and the steam are uneven, the supply exceeds the demand, and the counterfeit and inferior products flood the market. These products affect life span and accelerate consumption, or cause mechanical accidents and cause major losses in production. In this regard, we must practice “eyes and eyes”, reject counterfeit and inferior products thousands of miles away, and ensure our normal production.

Strengthen management modernization and keep up with the development trend. Technological progress is an important driving force for economic development. With the vigorous development of the auto industry, the rapid increase in car models and auto parts has greatly promoted the prosperity of the auto parts market. It is recognized in work practice that to manage auto parts well, modern management must be strengthened. We set out to work in this area, sent a special person out to learn from the experience, and learned advanced management methods by inviting in and going out.

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Application analysis of frequency converter in automobile air-conditioning

12月 27, 2021 – by 中国CNC加工ブログ

1 Preface

The rapid development of the automobile market is bound to drive the development of related industries. As a necessary comfort function for automobiles, automobile air conditioners have also encountered unprecedented development opportunities. The car air conditioning system is a comfortable equipment for cooling, heating, ventilating and purifying the air in the cabin. It can provide passengers with a comfortable riding environment, reduce the fatigue strength of the driver, and improve driving safety. The air-conditioning device has become a sign to measure whether the car’s function is perfect.

2The working principle of car air conditioner

2.1 Car refrigeration system

Automotive air conditioning* The basic and complex is the on-board refrigeration system. The compressor power of modern on-board refrigeration systems is driven by an electric motor. The refrigeration system consists of a compressor, a condenser, a receiver dryer, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a blower, as shown in Figure 1. The various components of the vehicle refrigeration system are connected by copper pipes (or aluminum pipes) and high-pressure rubber pipes to form a closed system. When the refrigeration system is working, the refrigerant circulates in this closed system in two forms of compression and expansion.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the refrigeration system

2.2 Refrigerant cycle refrigeration process

The refrigerant (refrigerant) cycle of the refrigeration system is divided into four basic processes:

(1) Compression process: The compressor sucks in the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas at the outlet of the evaporator, compresses it into high-temperature and high-pressure gas and removes it from the compressor.

(2) Heat dissipation process: The superheated refrigerant gas of high temperature and high pressure enters the condenser. Due to the decrease of pressure and temperature, the refrigerant gas condenses into liquid and discharges a large amount of heat.

(3) Throttle process: The refrigerant liquid with higher temperature and pressure becomes larger after passing through the expansion device, the pressure and temperature drop sharply, and it is discharged from the expansion device in the form of mist (fine droplets).

(4) Heat absorption process: The mist refrigerant liquid enters the evaporator, so the boiling point of the refrigerant is much lower than the temperature in the evaporator, so the refrigerant liquid evaporates into a gas. In the evaporation process, a large amount of surrounding heat is absorbed, and then the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor enters the compressor.

The expansion and compression process of the refrigerant is repeated repeatedly to achieve the purpose of reducing the air temperature around the evaporator.

2 Delta E series inverter automotive air conditioning system solutions

With the continuous development of automobile air-conditioning technology, the technology of compressor evaporator is also constantly improving, and with the increasing demand for energy conservation and environmental protection, Delta Mechatronics relies on its technology in the field of motor drive in this environment** Advantages, provide its variable frequency drive solutions in the automotive air-conditioning industry. The Delta E-series intelligent inverters embedded with simple PLCs have good applicability for vehicle-mounted economical and economical drive control requirements.

2.1 Inverter refrigeration system

Inverter refrigeration system control is shown in Figure 2. The system uses Delta E series 15KW frequency converter to drive the compressor, and 7.5KW frequency converter to drive the evaporator. The common-line bus of the inverter battery detects the supply voltage value, which is calculated by the internal PLC program to determine which state the compressor and evaporator should work at this time to obtain the output frequency value of the inverter. At the same time, the external PLC detects the analog quantity returned by the temperature sensor and the temperature value set by the controller to calculate the frequency at which the inverter should work, and accelerate or decelerate the inverter to adjust the temperature change in the car to reach the temperature inside the car. The purpose of automatic adjustment.

Figure 2 System Control Diagram

2.2 Electric control system design

Since the automotive electrical is a DC power supply system, the inverter should be able to directly use DC power supply. Delta E series

The inverter can be used with DC bus collinear, so it can also be directly powered by DC. However, considering that it only uses DC power supply, it is recommended that customers connect the positive and negative terminals to the RT terminals of the E series inverter powerinput, so that it can be done To prevent foolishness, it can also prevent the inverter bus voltage from recharging.

In addition, if the inverter’s power supply is too high or too low, it will cause a fault alarm. The voltage of the car’s power system is generally low. Therefore, in order to make the system work normally, the low-voltage alarm of the special inverter designed for car air-conditioning is accurate. Bit

will be lower than the standard inverter. The electronic control system of automobile air conditioner is shown as in Fig. 3. The physical object of the automotive air-conditioning electronic control system project is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 3 Principles of the electronic control system of automobile air-conditioning

Figure 4 Actual car air conditioning system diagram

3 Output frequency flow chart

When the air conditioning system is working, first check the voltage of the voltage system to determine whether it is within the normal working range. After normal startup, the internal PLC of the inverter detects the DCBUS (DC bus) value, and then calculates the required value according to the set V/F curve. The output frequency is controlled according to the temperature value set by the air conditioner controller and then sent to the control PLC. The PLC then converts it into a 0~10V analog signal and sends it to the AVI of the inverter, which is the frequency command source of the inverter. The inverter compares the magnitude of the two frequency command values, and then outputs according to the smaller frequency command. The PLC control flow of inverter refrigeration is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 PLC control flow of inverter refrigeration

4 Conclusion

The internal PLC capacity of Delta E series inverters can reach 500 steps, so the sequence control or simple detection of small systems can fully meet the requirements, so the cost of external PLC is saved. At the same time, because the PLC is embedded in the inverter Inside, there is no compatibility and communication problems, so it is very convenient to use.

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